{"id":928,"date":"2018-11-04T11:45:42","date_gmt":"2018-11-04T05:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/?p=928"},"modified":"2018-11-04T12:25:14","modified_gmt":"2018-11-04T06:25:14","slug":"%e0%a6%ae%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%99%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%97%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%b2-%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ae%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%9c%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%89%e0%a6%a4%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/?p=928","title":{"rendered":"\u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u09a8\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u0987\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b6\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0986\u09b8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b2 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u098f\u09ae\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u09ae\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ae\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09ae\u09c7\u0987\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09ae \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a8-\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09b6-\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b9\u09c0\u099f \u09ad\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u0993\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u099a\u09b2\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Enigma is a German musical project founded in 1990 by Romanian-German musician and producer Michael Cretu. Cretu had released several solo records, collaborated with various artists, and produced albums for his then wife, German pop singer Sandra, before he conceived the idea of a New Age, Worldbeat project. He recorded the first Enigma studio album, MCMXC a.D. (1990), with contributions from David Fairstein and Frank Peterson. The album remains Enigma\u00b4s biggest, helped by the international hit single, &quot;Sadeness (Part I)&quot;, which sold 12 million units alone. According to Cretu, the inspiration for the creation of the project came from his desire to make a kind of music that did not obey &quot;the old rules and habits&quot; and presented a new form of artistic expression with mystic and experimental components. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enigma_(musical_project)&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u098f\u09a8\u09bf\u0997\u09ae\u09be<\/span>\u0964 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09bc\u09a8\u09b0\u2019\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989 \u098f\u0987\u099c\u0993 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b2 \u0986\u09aa\u09ac\u09c0\u099f \u09ae\u09bf\u0989\u099c\u09bc\u09bf\u0995 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u0987 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09a4\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09c7\u099b\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb, \u098f\u09a8\u09bf\u0997\u09ae\u09be \u0986\u09b8\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0 \u0986\u09b0 \u098f\u09a5\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09bf\u0989\u099c\u09bc\u09bf\u0995 \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995 \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09dc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09cb\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a5\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Mass (Missa), a form of sacred musical composition, is a choral composition that sets the invariable portions of the Eucharistic liturgy (principally that of the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, and Lutheranism) to music. Most Masses are settings of the liturgy in Latin, the liturgical sacred language of the Catholic Church\u00b4s Roman liturgy, but there are a significant number written in the languages of non-Catholic countries where vernacular worship has long been the norm. For example, there are many Masses (often called &quot;Communion Services&quot;) written in English for the Church of England. Musical Masses take their name from the Catholic liturgy called &quot;the Mass&quot; as well. Masses can be a cappella, that is, without an independent accompaniment, or they can be accompanied by instrumental obbligatos up to and including a full orchestra. Many Masses, especially later ones, were never intended to be performed during the celebration of an actual mass. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass_(music)&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09be\u09b8\u0997\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf<\/span> \u0986\u099b\u09c7, \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0986\u099b\u09c7, \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The shakuhachi is a Japanese longitudinal, end-blown bamboo-flute. It was originally introduced from China into Japan in the 7th century and underwent a resurgence in the early Edo period. The oldest shakuhachi in Japan is currently stored in Sh\u014ds\u014d-in, Nara. The shakuhachi is traditionally made of bamboo, but versions now exist in ABS and hardwoods. It was used by the monks of the Fuke sect of Zen Buddhism in the practice of suizen. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shakuhachi&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b6\u09be\u0995\u09c1\u09b9\u09be\u099a\u09bf<\/span> \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09a5\u09c7\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09a1 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"&quot;The Eyes of Truth&quot; is a 1994 song by the German New age band Enigma. This single was one of Enigma\u00b4s four singles from its second album, The Cross of Changes. The video for this song was recorded in the rural areas of Nepal. Similar with &quot;Age of Loneliness&quot;, the song featured samples of Mongolian Folk Music (most notably Alsyn Gazryn Zereglee) and samples taken from Anne Dudley\u00b4s album Songs from the Victorious City. It also contains samples from U2\u00b4s song &quot;Ultraviolet (Light My Way)&quot;, Peter Gabriel\u00b4s &quot;Kiss That Frog&quot;, NASA retransmissions sampled from &quot;Mare Tranquillitatis&quot; performed by Vangelis, and Genesis\u00b4 &quot;Dreaming While You Sleep&quot;. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Eyes_of_Truth&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0986\u0987\u099c\u09bc \u0985\u09ab\u09bc \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a5<\/span> \u09b6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u0995 \u098f\u0987 \u0997\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The long song is one of the central elements of the traditional music of Mongolia. This genre is called &quot;Long song&quot; not only because the songs are long, but also because each syllable of text is extended for a long duration. A four-minute song may only consist of ten words. Certain long songs such as Uvgin shuvuu khoyor, also known as Jargaltain delger (lit. \u00b4Old man and the Bird\u00b4) has a length of up to 3 hours if to sing in full length with complete 32 stanzas. Lyrical themes vary depending on context; they can be philosophical, religious, romantic, or celebratory, and often use horses as a symbol or theme repeated throughout the song. Eastern Mongols typically use a Morin khuur (horse-head fiddle) as accompaniment, sometimes with a type of indigenous flute, called limbe. Oirat groups of the Western Mongols traditionally sing long songs unaccompanied or accompanied with the Igil. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_song&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b2\u0982\u09b8\u0982<\/span> \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u0997\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf, \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09df \u0989\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09df\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c1\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Alsin gazrin zereglee n khoo&lt;br \/&gt;\nAduu shig mal shig torolzono&lt;br \/&gt;\nAlia khongor khuugee khoo&lt;br \/&gt;\nAisui baikhad n bayarlalaa&lt;br \/&gt;\nKholin gazrin zereglee n khoo&lt;br \/&gt;\nKhoni shig mal shig torolzono&lt;br \/&gt;\nKhongor jaakhan khuugee&lt;br \/&gt;\nKhonood yavakhig khusne khoo &lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/traditionalmongoliansongs.blogspot.com\/2008\/09\/alsin-gazrin-zereglee.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0986\u09b2\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8 \u0997\u09be\u099c\u09bc\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8 \u099c\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0\u09c7\u0997\u09b2\u09c7\u09df\u09c7<\/span> \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u0997\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c7\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6 \u09a8\u09c7\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u0987\u0964 \u09b2\u0982\u09b8\u0982\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Namjilyn Norovbanzad (1931\u20132002) was a Mongolian singer of the traditional long song. Born in southern Dundgovi province of Mongolia, Norovbanzad grew up in a family of herders. She started her working career as a typist at the provincial court in 1952. After winning several local and provincial singing competitions she moved to the capital city Ulaanbaatar to pursue her singing career full-time. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namjilyn_Norovbanzad&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u099c\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a8\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ad\u09bc\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u099c\u09bc\u09be\u09a6<\/span> \u09a8\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u0987\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u099b\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u099b\u09be \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7, \u09b9\u09df\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u0995 \u0997\u09be\u09a8 \u0997\u09c7\u09df\u09c7\u0993 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u099c\u09ac\u09b0\u099c\u0982 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b6\u09be\u0995\u0986\u09b6\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a8\u09cb\u09b0\u09cb\u09ad\u09bc\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u099c\u09bc\u09be\u09a6 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c1\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09c2\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b2\u0982\u09b8\u0982\u098f\u09b0 \u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u099f\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u099f\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0997\u09be\u09a8 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8 \u0998\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u099a\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7! \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09ce\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09df\u09c7, \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09b9\u09a4\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09df\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u0987\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c0\u09a4\u0995\u09b2\u09be \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u0987\u0989\u09a8\u09c7\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09cb \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018\u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u2019 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c0 \u09b0\u09c1\u09b6-\u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u0964 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Genghis Khan (alternatively transliterated as Chinggis Khaan), born Tem\u00fcjin, c. 1162 \u2013 August 18, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Empire and being proclaimed &quot;Genghis Khan&quot;, he launched the Mongol invasions that conquered most of Eurasia. Campaigns initiated in his lifetime include those against the Qara Khitai, Caucasus, and Khwarazmian, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. These campaigns were often accompanied by large-scale massacres of the civilian populations \u2013 especially in the Khwarazmian and Western Xia controlled lands. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genghis_Khan&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u099a\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09b8 \u0996\u09be\u09a8<\/span> \u0986\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u09a7\u09b0\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8\u09af\u099c\u09cd\u099e \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad\u00b4s uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib (566\u2013653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown over the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH). The Abbasid Caliphate first centred its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the Sasanian capital city of Ctesiphon. ...&lt;br \/&gt;\nThe Abbasids\u00b4 period of cultural fruition ended in 1258 with the sack of Baghdad by the Mongols under Hulagu Khan. The Abbasid line of rulers, and Muslim culture in general, re-centred themselves in the Mamluk capital of Cairo in 1261. Though lacking in political power, the dynasty continued to claim authority in religious matters until after the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abbasid_Caliphate&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0986\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u0996\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09bc\u09a4\u09b8\u09b9<\/span> \u09a4\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u0997\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Mongol invasion is one of the most demoralizing times of Islamic history. The death and destruction of the 1200s has not yet been seen again in the Muslim world. While most articles on this website illustrate the great achievements of Islamic history, it is similarly important to be aware of the negatives, particularly what causes them to occur. The Muslim world was largely unable to repel the Mongol invasion due to disunity and weak political and military institutions. Throughout Islamic history, disunity has always led to invasion and defeat, while unity has led to great Islamic empires that benefited the entire world. &lt;a href=&quot;http:\/\/lostislamichistory.com\/mongols\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\n\">\u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09be\u09ae\u09c0-\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b8\u09c1<\/span> \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09cb\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09df \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09a5\u09be\u09df \u0986\u09b8\u099b\u09bf, \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09c1 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09c1\u099c\u09bf\u09a8 \u2014 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u099a\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09b8 \u2014 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09dc\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09dc \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u0986\u0997 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b7\u09b0\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u0964 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac \u09a4\u09c3\u09a4\u09c0\u09df \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0-\u09ae\u09c7\u09b7\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u09be\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Xiongnu were a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Chinese sources report that Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 BC, founded the Xiongnu Empire. After their previous overlords, the Yuezhi, migrated into Central Asia during the 2nd century BC, the Xiongnu became a dominant power on the steppes of north-east Central Asia, centred on an area known later as Mongolia. The Xiongnu were also active in areas now part of Siberia, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang. Their relations with adjacent Chinese dynasties to the south east were complex, with repeated periods of conflict and intrigue, alternating with exchanges of tribute, trade, and marriage treaties. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xiongnu&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b6\u09bc\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u0982\u09a8\u09c1<\/span> \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u2014 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df \u098f\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u0986\u09b8\u09b2\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe, between the 4th and 6th century AD. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was part of Scythia at the time; the Huns\u00b4 arrival is associated with the migration westward of a Scythian people, the Alans. By 370 AD, the Huns had arrived on the Volga, and by 430 the Huns had established a vast, if short-lived, dominion in Europe. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huns&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b9\u09c1\u09a8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u2019\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09cb\u09dc\u09be\u09a7\u09a8\u09c1\u0995 \u09ac\u09be <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"A composite bow is a traditional bow made from horn, wood, and sinew laminated together, cf. laminated bow. The horn is on the belly, facing the archer, and sinew on the outer side of a wooden core. When the bow is drawn, the sinew (stretched on the outside) and horn (compressed on the inside) store more energy than wood for the same length of bow. The strength can be made similar to that of all-wood &quot;self&quot; bows, with similar draw-length and therefore a similar amount of energy delivered to the arrow from a much shorter bow. However, making a composite bow requires more varieties of material than a self bow, its construction takes much more time, and the finished bow is more sensitive to moisture. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Composite_bow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bc\u09bf\u099f \u09ac\u09cb<\/span>, \u0986\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"A horse archer is a cavalryman armed with a bow, able to shoot while riding from horseback. Archery has occasionally been used from the backs of other riding animals. In large open areas, it was a highly successful technique for hunting, for protecting the herds, and for war. It was a defining characteristic of the Eurasian nomads during antiquity and the medieval period, as well as the Iranian peoples, (Alans, Scythians, Sarmatians, Parthians, Sassanid Persians) and Indians in antiquity, and by the Hungarians, Mongols and the Turkic peoples during the Middle Ages. By the expansion of these peoples, the practice also spread to Eastern Europe (via the Sarmatians and the Huns), Mesopotamia, and East Asia. In East Asia, horse archery came to be particularly honored in the samurai tradition of Japan, where horse archery is called Yabusame. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mounted_archery&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0985\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cb\u09b9\u09c0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09b0\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u099c<\/span> \u2014 \u098f \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09cb\u09b0\u0987 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b6\u09bc\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u0982\u09a8\u09c1\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u0964 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Eastern Turkic Khaganate was a Turkic khaganate formed as a result of the internecine wars in the beginning of the 7th century (AD 593\u2013603) after the G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Khaganate (founded in the 6th century in Mongolia by the Ashina clan) had splintered into two polities \u2013 Eastern and Western. Finally, the Eastern Turkic power was absorbed by the Chinese Tang Empire. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bc\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u0982\u09a8\u09c1 \u0998\u09cb\u09dc\u09b8\u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u099d \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09a6\u09df \u09b9\u09a4\u09cb \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09b8\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b2\u09c1\u09a0\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u099c \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0964 \u09b6\u09bc\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u0982\u09a8\u09c1 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u09b2\u0982\u09b8\u0982\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u099a\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09df\u09be\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Qin Shi Huang (literally: &quot;First Emperor of Qin&quot;; 18 February 259 BC \u2013 10 September 210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of a unified China. He was born Ying Zheng or Zhao Zheng, a prince of the state of Qin. He became Zheng, the King of Qin when he was thirteen, then China\u00b4s first emperor when he was 38 after the Qin had conquered all of the other Warring States and unified all of China in 221 BC. Rather than maintain the title of &quot;king&quot; borne by the previous Shang and Zhou rulers, he ruled as the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty from 220 to 210 BC. His self-invented title &quot;emperor&quot;, as indicated by his use of the word &quot;First&quot;, would continue to be borne by Chinese rulers for the next two millennia. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qin_Shi_Huang&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b6\u09bf\u09b9\u09c1\u09df\u09be\u0982\u09a6\u09bf<\/span> \u098f\u09b8\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u099c\u09cb\u09dc\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7, \u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2 \u09af\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09df\u09be\u09b2\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09dc\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be-\u0987 \u0986\u099c <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built in 220\u2013206 BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. The Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced over various dynasties; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368\u20131644). &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Wall_of_China&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f \u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b2<\/span>\u0964 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b9\u09c1\u09df\u09be\u0982\u09a6\u09bf \u0986\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8-\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09b6\u2019 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bc\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u0982\u09a8\u09c1-<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Xianbei were originally a nomadic people residing in what is today\u00b4s eastern Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China. Along with the Xiongnu, they were one of the major nomadic groups in northern China from the Han Dynasty to the Northern and Southern dynasties. They eventually established their own northern dynasties such as the Northern Wei founded in the 4th century AD by the Tuoba clan. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xianbei&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b6\u09bc\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09c7\u0987<\/span> \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u0997\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b6\u09bc\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u0982\u09a8\u09c1\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae\u09be \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Yuezhi or Rouzhi were an ancient people first reported in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC. After a major defeat by the Xiongnu in the 2nd century BC, the Yuezhi split into two groups: the Greater Yuezhi and Lesser Yuezhi. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuezhi&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0987\u0989\u09df\u09c7\u099d\u09bc\u09bf<\/span> \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cb\u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09c0\u09df\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09c0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0986\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u098f\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09dc\u09c7\u0964 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u098f \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of Afghanistan, and then the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath near Varanasi (Benares), where inscriptions have been found dating to the era of the Kushan Emperor Kanishka the Great. Emperor Kanishka was a great patron of Buddhism. He played an important role in the establishment of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent and its spread to Central Asia and China. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kushan_Empire&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0995\u09c1\u09b6\u09be\u09a8<\/span> \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4, \u0986\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Kanishka I, or Kanishka the Great, an emperor of the Kushan dynasty in the second century (c. 127\u2013150 CE), is famous for his military, political, and spiritual achievements. A descendant of Kujula Kadphises - founder of the Kushan empire - Kanishka came to rule an empire in Bactria extending from Turfan in the Tarim Basin to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain. The main capital of his empire was located at Puru\u1e63apura in Gandhara, with another major capital at Kapisa. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kanishka&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995<\/span>\u0964 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09aa\u09cb\u09b7\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West. It was central to cultural interaction between the regions for many centuries. The Silk Road refers to both the terrestrial and the maritime routes connecting East Asia and Southeast Asia with East Africa, West Asia and Southern Europe. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Silk_Road&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a1<\/span> \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f \u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3 \u09aa\u09be\u09df\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u098f\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09df\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09df, \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09b0\u09c0-\u200c\u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09c7, \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u099a\u09be\u0987 \u09b2\u09cc\u09b9\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u0964 \u09b6\u09bc\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u0982\u09a8\u09c1\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u09a6\u09c7\u09df\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09a2\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09df\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a4\u2019 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Inner Mongolia or Nei Mongol, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region or Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (NMAR), is one of the autonomous regions of the People\u00b4s Republic of China, located in the north of the country. Its border includes most of the length of China\u00b4s border with Mongolia, and a small section of China\u00b4s border with Russia. Its capital is Hohhot; other major cities include Baotou, Chifeng, and Ordos. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inner_Mongolia&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0987\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be<\/span>, <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and the eighth largest country subdivision in the world, spanning over 1.6 million km2 (640,000 square miles). Xinjiang contains the disputed territory of Aksai Chin, which is administered by China and claimed by India. Xinjiang borders the countries of Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. The rugged Karakoram, Kunlun, and Tian Shan mountain ranges occupy much of Xinjiang\u00b4s borders, as well as its western and southern regions. Xinjiang also borders Tibet Autonomous Region and the provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. The most well-known route of the historical Silk Road ran through the territory from the east to its northwestern border. In recent decades, abundant oil and mineral reserves have been found in Xinjiang, and it is currently China\u00b4s largest natural gas-producing region. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinjiang&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b6\u09bc\u09bf\u09a8\u099c\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u0982<\/span>, <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Manchuria is a name first used in the 17th century by Chinese people to refer to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia. Depending on the context, Manchuria can either refer to a region that falls entirely within the People\u00b4s Republic of China or a larger region divided between China and Russia. &quot;Manchuria&quot; is widely used outside China to denote the geographical and historical region. This region is the traditional homeland of the Xianbei, Khitan, and Jurchen (later called Manchu) peoples, who built several states within the area historically (however, no term for &quot;Manchuria&quot; exists in the Manchu language, which originally referred to the area as the &quot;Three Eastern Provinces&quot;). &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manchuria&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09be\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be<\/span> \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09df \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09dc\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a6\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09dc\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0986\u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u09b2, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae-\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be-\u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09a8\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u0964 \u09a6\u09c7\u09df\u09be\u09b2 \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a0\u09c7\u0995\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09df, \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09df\u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09cb \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09c7! (\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be!)<\/p>\n<p>\u09b6\u09bc\u09bf\u09df\u09cb\u0982\u09a8\u09c1\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09a4\u09cb \u09ad\u09be\u0987 \u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b0\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u0997\u09cb\u09ac\u09bf-\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09a8 \u09ae\u09b0\u09c1\u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u09b6\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09c7, \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8\u09b6\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09df \u09aa\u09c7\u09b2 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Mongols are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and to China\u00b4s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. They also live as minorities in other regions of China (e.g. Xinjiang), as well as in Russia. Mongolian people belonging to the Buryat and Kalmyk subgroups live predominantly in the Russian federal subjects of Buryatia and Kalmykia. The Mongols are bound together by a common heritage and ethnic identity. Their indigenous dialects are collectively known as the Mongolian language. The ancestors of the modern-day Mongols are referred to as Proto-Mongols. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mongols&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0997\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be, \u09ad\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c3\u0998\u09be\u09a4\u09c0 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b2\u09c7\u0997\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09a4\u09cb \u09b8\u09ac\u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u0964 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09c1\u099c\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u0997\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Toghrul, also known as Wang Khan or Ong Khan (died 1203) was a khan of the Keraites. He was the anda (blood brother) of the Mongol chief Yesugei and served as an important early patron and ally to Yesugei\u00b4s son Tem\u00fcjin, later known as Genghis Khan. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toghrul&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a4\u09cb\u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b2<\/span> \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995 \u0997\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u09aa\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09df\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u099c\u09df \u0986\u09b0 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09df\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u0997\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u0997\u09b0\u09c1\u09b2\u0995\u09c7 \u09b9\u09a0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c7\u09ae\u09c1\u099c\u09bf\u09a8 \u0986\u09b8\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a8 \u099a\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09b8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Khagan or Qaghan is a title of imperial rank in the Turkic and Mongolian languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire). The female equivalent is Khatun. It may also be translated as Khan of Khans, equivalent to King of Kings. In modern Turkic, the title became Khaan with the \u00b4g\u00b4 sound becoming almost silent or non-existent (i.e. a very light voiceless velar fricative); the \u011f in modern Turkish Ka\u011fan is also silent. Since the division of the Mongol Empire, emperors of the Yuan dynasty held the title of Khagan and their successors in Mongolia continued to have the title. Ka\u011fan and Kaan are common Turkish names in Turkey. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khagan&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0996\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a8<\/span> \u2014 \u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u09b6\u09be\u09b9\u09c7\u09a8\u09b6\u09be\u09b9 \u2014 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u0996\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u0996\u09bc\u09cb\u09b0\u09c1\u09ae \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09b8 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8, \u09ae\u09be\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be, \u0995\u09cb\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be, \u099c\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a8, \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4, \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09af, \u0987\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8, \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u099c\u09df\u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u0995\u09cb\u099a \u0986\u09a6\u09be\u09df \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u09a6\u09b2\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \u09a8\u09df, \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c0\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0997\u09be\u0981\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b8\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0996\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09b0\u09be \u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ab\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u098f\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09df\u09cb\u09a6\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09bf <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"M\u00f6ngke (January 11, 1209 \u2013 August 11, 1259) was the fourth khagan of the Mongol Empire, ruling from July 1, 1251, to August 11, 1259. He was the first Khagan from the Toluid line, and made significant reforms to improve the administration of the Empire during his reign. Under M\u00f6ngke, the Mongols conquered Iraq and Syria as well as the kingdom of Dali. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%B6ngke_Khan&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09c7\u0982\u0995\u09c1 \u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09c3\u09b9\u09ce \u098f\u0995\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09cb\u099f\u09be \u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u0995 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u2014 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8, \u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be, \u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1, \u09b2\u09be\u0993\u09b8, \u09ad\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8\u09be\u09ae, \u0995\u09cb\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be, \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8, \u0995\u09bf\u09b0\u0997\u09bf\u099c\u09bc\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8, \u0989\u099c\u09bc\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8, \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8, \u0986\u09ab\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8, \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4, \u09aa\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8, \u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09a8, \u0987\u09b0\u09be\u0995, \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u0995, \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09a8, \u09b8\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be, \u099c\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09df\u09be, \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09be, \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be, \u09aa\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1, \u0987\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8, \u09ac\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u09b6, \u09ae\u09b2\u09a6\u09cb\u09ad\u09be, \u0986\u09b0 \u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ae\u09c7\u0982\u0995\u09c1\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09df\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u098f\u0981\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u2019 \u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u0996\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a8 \u2014 \u09b9\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u0987 \u0996\u09be\u09a8, \u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Kublai was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position). He also founded the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruled as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kublai_Khan&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0995\u09c1\u09ac\u09b2\u09be\u0987<\/span> \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Southern Song (1127\u20131279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in the Jin\u2013Song Wars. During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze and established its capital at Lin\u00b4an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional &quot;birthplace of Chinese civilization&quot; along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song. M\u00f6ngke Khan, the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, died in 1259 while besieging the city of Chongqing. His younger brother Kublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan, though his claim was only partially recognized by the Mongols in the west. In 1271, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the Emperor of China. After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan\u00b4s armies conquered the Song dynasty in 1279. The Mongol invasion led to a reunification under the Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368). &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Song_dynasty#Southern_Song,_1127%E2%80%931279&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b8\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u0995\u09c7<\/span> \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u2019 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09b9\u09a8\u0964 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan, was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan. It followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty. Although the Mongols had ruled territories including modern-day North China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Chinese style, and the conquest was not complete until 1279. His realm was, by this point, isolated from the other khanates and controlled most of modern-day China and its surrounding areas, including modern Mongolia. It was the first foreign dynasty to rule all of China and lasted until 1368, after which the rebuked Genghisid rulers retreated to their Mongolian homeland and continued to rule the Northern Yuan dynasty. Some of the Mongolian Emperors of the Yuan mastered the Chinese language, while others only used their native language (i.e. Mongolian) and the \u00b4Phags-pa script. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuan_dynasty&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0987\u0989\u09df\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09ac\u0982\u09b6<\/span>, \u0986\u09b0 \u0997\u09cb\u09dc\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Khanbaliq or Dadu was the capital of the Yuan dynasty, the main center of the Mongol Empire founded by Kublai Khan in what is now Beijing, also the capital of China today. It was located at the center of modern Beijing.  &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khanbaliq&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u0997<\/span> \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u098f\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0, \u09af\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b9\u09df \u09ac\u09c7\u0987\u099c\u09bf\u0982\u0964 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Marco Polo (1254 \u2013 January 8\u20139, 1324) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and writer, born in the Republic of Venice. His travels are recorded in Livres des merveilles du monde (Book of the Marvels of the World, also known as The Travels of Marco Polo, c. 1300), a book that described to Europeans the wealth and great size of China, its capital Peking, and other Asian cities and countries. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marco_Polo&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09cb \u09aa\u09cb\u09b2\u09cb<\/span> \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a1 \u09af\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u0995\u09c1\u09ac\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0995\u09c1\u09ac\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c7\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c3\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09a6\u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b2\u09c1\u099f\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09df, \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df \u09b8\u09c1\u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u09c0 \u0993 \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u0995 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09df\u09c7 \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09c1\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u09a6\u09c7\u09df, \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09bf\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u0989 \u0995\u09c7\u0989 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u0993 \u0985\u09b2\u0982\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf \u0986\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u0993 \u09aa\u09dc\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0964 \u09a6\u09be\u09b8\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09a8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09a4\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09df\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09df\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09b0 \u0987\u0989\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac \u098f\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09a4\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09be \u0986\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09df\u09a4\u09be, \u09b8\u09ac \u09a6\u09c2\u09b0 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09dc\u09c7, \u099a\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf\u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ad\u09df \u0995\u09ae\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ab\u09b2 \u09ad\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u0995 \u09b0\u09cb\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u099c\u09a8\u09aa\u09a6\u0964 \u0986\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0 \u0986\u09a6\u09be\u09df \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b7\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u0986\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09a6\u09be\u09df\u0995 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09c0\u09df \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09dc \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u098f \u0995\u09be\u099c\u099f\u09bf\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2, \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Pax Romana (Latin for &quot;Roman Peace&quot;) was a long period of relative peace and stability experienced by the Roman Empire between the accession of Caesar Augustus, founder of the Roman principate, and the death of Marcus Aurelius, last of the &quot;good emperors&quot;. Since it was inaugurated by Augustus with the end of the Final War of the Roman Republic, it is sometimes called the Pax Augusta. During this period of approximately 206 years (27 BC to AD 180), the Roman empire achieved its greatest territorial extent and its population reached a maximum of up to 70 million people \u2013 a third of the world\u2019s population. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pax_Romana&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b8 \u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09be<\/span> \u09ac\u09be \u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b6\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u09b9\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09df \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09a4\u09b8\u09b9\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a3\u09c1\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0993 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09c1\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u0995\u09c1\u09ac\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Shamanism is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with what they believe to be a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world. A shaman is someone who is regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of benevolent and malevolent spirits, who typically enters into a trance state during a ritual, and practices divination and healing. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shamanism&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b6\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09bc\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u0986\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae, \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae, \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae, \u0995\u09a8\u09ab\u09c1\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09bc\u09ae \u0986\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Taoism or Daoism, is a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (literally: &quot;the Way&quot;). The Tao is a fundamental idea in most Chinese philosophical schools; in Taoism, however, it denotes the principle that is the source, pattern and substance of everything that exists. Taoism differs from Confucianism by not emphasizing rigid rituals and social order, but is similar in the sense that it is a teaching about the various disciplines for achieving &quot;perfection&quot; by becoming one with the unplanned rhythms of the universe called &quot;the way&quot; or &quot;dao&quot;. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taoism&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a6\u09be\u0993\u0987\u099c\u09bc\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09df \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u099c\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09c1\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09df\u09c0 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09a4\u09be <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Tengri, is one of the names for the primary chief deity used by the early Turkic (Xiongnu, Hunnic, Bulgar) and Mongolic (Xianbei) peoples. Worship of Tengri is Tengrism. The core beings in Tengrism are the Heavenly-Father (Tengri\/Tenger Etseg) and the Earth Mother (Eje\/Gazar Eej). It involves shamanism, animism, totemism and ancestor worship. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tengri&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a4\u09c7\u0982\u09b0\u09bf\u09b0<\/span> \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ae\u09c1\u09b8\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u0993 \u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u0964 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Nestorianism is a Christian theological doctrine that upholds several distinctive teachings in the fields of Christology and Mariology. It opposes the concept of hypostatic union and emphasizes a radical distinction between two natures (human and divine) of Jesus Christ. That Christological position is defined as radical dyophisitism. Nestorianism was named after Christian theologian Nestorius (386\u2013450), Patriarch of Constantinople from 428 to 431, who was influenced by Christological teachings of Theodore of Mopsuestia at the School of Antioch. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestorianism&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a8\u09c7\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8<\/span> \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09be\u09b2\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u098f\u0995 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0987\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u0993 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09b8\u09c7\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09c0\u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09c0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by the Timurid dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mughal_Empire&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09cb\u0997\u09b2<\/span>\u0964 \u0989\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u0986\u09b0 \u0989\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09cb\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0993 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c0-\u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"An orda (also orda, ordu, ordo, or ordon) or horde was a historical sociopolitical and military structure found on the Eurasian Steppe, usually associated with the Turkic people and Mongols. This entity can be seen as the regional equivalent of a clan or a tribe. Some successful ordas gave rise to khanates. While the Slavic term ordo and the western term horde were in origin borrowings from the Turkic term ordo for &quot;camp, headquarters&quot;, the original term did not carry the meaning of a large khanate such as the Golden Horde.  &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orda_(organization)&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0993\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09be<\/span> \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09b2\u09ac\u09b9\u09b0\u0964 \u0993\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8 \u0997\u09cb\u09df\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09c7\u09aa\u09be \u09b6\u09df\u09a4\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u0987\u09df\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09bf\u09a4 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Batu Khan (c. 1207\u20131255), also known as Sain Khan (Mongolian: Good Khan) and Tsar Batu, was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His ulus was the chief state of the Golden Horde, which ruled Rus\u00b4, Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies of Poland and Hungary. &quot;Batu&quot; or &quot;Bat&quot; literally means &quot;firm&quot; in the Mongolian language. After the deaths of Genghis Khan\u00b4s sons, he became the most respected prince called agha (elder brother) in the Mongol Empire. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Batu_Khan&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ac\u09be\u099f\u09c1 \u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Golden Horde was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire after 1259 it became a functionally separate khanate. It is also known as the Kipchak Khanate or as the Ulus of Jochi. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golden_Horde&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b9\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u0993<\/span>\u0964 \u09af\u09be\u09b9\u09cb\u0995, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099c\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c8\u09a7\u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09df\u0964 \u098f\u09b0\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b8\u09ae\u09cb\u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09a4!<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09cb\u099c\u09be \u0995\u09a5\u09be\u09df \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u09bf\u09ac\u09c0\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09bc\u09a1 \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09a8 \u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09a1 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09c7\u099a\u09c1\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u0986\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be, \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09ac\u09dc\u09b8\u09dc \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09b2\u09c7, \u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09b2 \u0997\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09bc \u0997\u099f \u0986 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0995! \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Emergence of Sufism as a hegemonic force in Islamic civilization comparable in importance to the Protestant Reformation in Christendom. Explosion of Sufi orders in the Post-Mongol period with the destruction of the caliphal-jurisprudential model for Muslim societies, filled the vacuum of sociopolitical legitimacy. Sufi orders were the primary mechanism for the Sunnification of much of the Islamic world, however all Sufi trace their heritage back to the Shi\u00b4i Caliphs. Ideals of love and self-transcendence rather than the self-obsession of asceticism. Each Sufi order developed its own locally cultural personality. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/quizlet.com\/81465134\/hist-104-islamic-civ-final-exam-wordlist-flash-cards\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b8\u09c1\u09ab\u09c0<\/span> \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u098f\u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c0-\u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09aa\u09cb\u09b7\u0995\u09a4\u09be\u09df \u09b9\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09c1\u09ab\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u0986\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u0996\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09bc\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4 \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09a8\u09c0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09df \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09aa\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u2014 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09b0\u09be \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09aa\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09a6\u09b6-\u09b7\u09cb\u09dc\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09dc\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0996\u09be\u09b8 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be \u0996\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09aa \u09b9\u0993\u09df\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09aa\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u0986\u09b0 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8 \u099c\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0987\u0989\u09df\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u0995\u09c7 \u09b9\u09a0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China \u2013 then known as the Great Ming Empire \u2013 for 276 years (1368\u20131644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Han Chinese.  &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ming_dynasty&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09bf\u0999<\/span> \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09ac\u0982\u09b6 \u09b9\u09be\u09a8 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09cb\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u0983\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09a4 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09dc\u09a8 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b9\u09df\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u098a\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6-\u09ac\u09bf\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u0993 \u09b0\u09c1\u09b6 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2 \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u0986\u09b0 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8-\u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"A buffer state is a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers. Its existence can sometimes be thought to prevent conflict between them. A buffer state is sometimes a mutually agreed upon area lying between two greater powers, which is demilitarized in the sense of not hosting the military of either power (though it will usually have its own military forces). The invasion of a buffer state by one of the powers surrounding it will often result in war between the powers. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffer_state&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ac\u09be\u09ab\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0<\/span> \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u0985\u099f\u09cb\u09a8\u09ae\u09be\u09b8 \u09b0\u09c0\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b7\u09be\u099f \u09b2\u09be\u0996 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u09ac\u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0996\u09be\u09b8 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u0964 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09df\u09c1\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c0-\u09ab\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09c0 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Ulaanbaatar, formerly anglicised as Ulan Bator (literally &quot;Red Hero&quot;), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulaanbaatar&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0989\u09b2\u09be\u2019\u0986\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u2019\u0986\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be \u0986\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u2018\u09b2\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u2019 \u2014 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u2019\u0986\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6! \u0996\u09be\u09a8-\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09ae \u09a4\u09cb \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b8\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae \u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u0985\u09a5\u099a \u0986\u09a6\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4 \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09df\u0964 \u0989\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1-\u0989\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u0986\u0997\u09c7\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ad\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u0993\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cb\u09b9\u09c0 \u2018\u0995\u09be\u0989\u09ac\u09df\u2019 \u0997\u09cb\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09df\u09a8\u09be\u09ad\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09c8\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09c7\u0964 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7 \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09b0, <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"A traditional yurt (from the Turkic languages) or ger (Mongolian) is a portable, round tent covered with skins or felt and used as a dwelling by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yurt&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0997\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ad\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0998\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964 \u0998\u09cb\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0993 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0964 \u0998\u09cb\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u099c\u09a8\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8 \u0986\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09c7\u0964 \u0998\u09cb\u09dc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c1\u09a7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Kumis is a fermented dairy product traditionally made from mare\u00b4s milk. The drink remains important to the peoples of the Central Asian steppes, of Huno-Bulgar, Turkic and Mongol origin: Kazakhs, Bashkirs, Kalmyks, Kyrgyz, Mongols, and Yakuts. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kumis&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0986\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u0997<\/span> \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09df \u09aa\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09b0\u09be, \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c0 \u099c\u09a8\u09aa\u09a6\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf\u09b8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b2\u0982\u09b8\u0982\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u09cb \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09b0\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09b0\u09be\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"It is thought that the art of overtone singing originated from south western Mongolia in today\u00b4s Khovd Province and Govi Altai region. Nowadays, overtone singing is found throughout the country and Mongolia is often considered the most active place of overtone singing in the world.  &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overtone_singing#Mongolia_and_Buryatia&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a5\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099f \u09b8\u09bf\u0999\u09bf\u0982<\/span> \u09ac\u09be \u0996\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09be \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u099a\u09ae\u0995\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09c7\u0964 \u0997\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b0\u09a3\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be \u09a4\u09a4\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09df\u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0985\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u0982\u09b6 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a4\u09be \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09df \u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09ac \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 \u09b8\u0987\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8! \u0995\u09cc\u09a4\u09c2\u09b9\u09b2\u09c0 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0987\u0989\u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ac\u0995\u09c7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=batzorig+vaanchig\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Batzorig Vaanchig<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=khusugtun\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Khusugtun<\/a> \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=Huun+Huur+Tu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Huun Huur Tu<\/a> \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u0986\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09b8\u09bf\u09a8 \u0997\u09be\u099c\u09bc\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8 \u0997\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u09ae\u09be \u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u098f\u0995 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a6\u09c2\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be, \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u0985\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09cb\u09b9\u09c0 \u09b8\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0997\u09b0\u09c1 \u099a\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0964 \u09af\u09a4\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7, \u09ac\u09c1\u0995 \u0986\u09b6\u09be\u09df \u09ac\u09c7\u0981\u09a7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09df \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2 \u099c\u09a8\u09a8\u09c0, \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u0987\u09ac\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u09b6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u2018\u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u2019 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c0 \u09b0\u09c1\u09b6-\u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0 \u0986\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u0964 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7 \u099a\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u09b8 \u0996\u09be\u09a8 \u0986\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u09a7\u09b0\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8\u09af\u099c\u09cd\u099e \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0 \u0996\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09bc\u09a4\u09b8\u09b9 \u09a4\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af \u099c\u0997\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09ac\u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09cb\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09cb\u09b2\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09be\u09ae\u09c0-\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b8\u09c1 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 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