{"id":1284,"date":"2018-11-25T05:03:38","date_gmt":"2018-11-24T23:03:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/?p=1284"},"modified":"2019-08-22T05:04:44","modified_gmt":"2019-08-21T23:04:44","slug":"%e0%a6%aa%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b0%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%80%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a4%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%aa%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b7%e0%a7%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/?p=1284","title":{"rendered":"\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09bf? \u098f\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7? \u0997\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09bf? \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be \u2014 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09ac\u09cb \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995, \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u0997\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be? \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc?<\/p>\n<p>\u0995\u09bf\u0982\u09ac\u09be, \u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09a8-\u0986\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 \u2018\u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ae\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u0995\u09bf, \u09ae\u09cb\u09b6\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09bf, \u0995\u09c1\u09ab\u09cd\u09ab\u09be\u09b0; \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac!\u2019<\/p>\n<p>\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u2018\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u2019\u099f\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0987\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09a1\u09bc \u0995\u09c7\u099f\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b0\u0995\u09c7\u099f \u09ae\u09c7\u09b0\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Buddhas of Bamyan \u202b\u200c\u202cwere two 6th-century monumental statues of Gautam Buddha carved into the side of a cliff in the Bamyan valley in the Hazarajat region of central Afghanistan, 230 kilometres (140 mi) northwest of Kabul at an elevation of 2,500 metres (8,200 ft). Built in 507 CE (smaller) and 554 CE (larger), the statues represented the classic blended style of Gandhara art. They were respectively 35 and 53 m (115 and 174 ft) tall. They were dynamited and destroyed in March 2001 by the Taliban, on orders from leader Mullah Mohammed Omar, after the Taliban government declared that they were idols. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buddhas_of_Bamyan&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a7\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc<\/span>, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u09ab\u09c7\u0981\u099f\u09c7 \u099c\u09b2 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u098f\u0995 \u09b6\u09c8\u09b2\u09c0\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3 \u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Greco-Buddhist art is the artistic manifestation of Greco-Buddhism, a cultural syncretism between the Classical Greek culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 1,000 years in Central Asia, between the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC, and the Islamic conquests of the 7th century AD. Greco-Buddhist art is characterized by the strong idealistic realism and sensuous description of Hellenistic art and the first representations of the Buddha in human form, which have helped define the artistic (and particularly, sculptural) canon for Buddhist art throughout the Asian continent up to the present. It is also a strong example of cultural syncretism between eastern and western traditions. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greco-Buddhist_art&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa<\/span> \u2014 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b6\u09c8\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Alexander III of Macedon (20\/21 July 356 BC \u2013 10\/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and by the age of thirty he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history\u2019s most successful military commanders. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_the_Great&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0986\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09be \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0 \u0986\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u09a7\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0986\u0987\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u0985\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09cb-\u09ac\u09c1\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be-\u0987\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u0997\u09a3\u09b9\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09b9 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"On 30 August 2016, a survey conducted by the Associated Press found that around 72 mass graves have been discovered in areas that have been liberated from ISIL control. In total, these mass graves contain the bodies of approximately 15,000 people killed by ISIL. The report stated that the mass graves were evidence of genocides conducted by ISIL in the region, including the genocide of Yazidis. Seventeen graves were discovered in Syria, with the rest being found in Iraq. At least 16 of the graves in Iraq contained remains that were not counted, as they are located in dangerous conflict zones. Instead, the number of dead in these graves has been estimated. On 6 November 2018, a United Nations report revealed over 200 mass graves of thousands of ISIL\u2019s victims were discovered. The grave sites, which may contain up to 12,000 bodies, were found in the northern and western Iraqi provinces of Nineveh, Kirkuk, Salah al-Din and Anbar. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant#Terrorist_attacks_outside_Iraq_and_Syria&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09a7<\/span> \u09a4\u09cb \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0987\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Palmyrene Empire was a splinter state centered at Palmyra which broke away from the Roman Empire during the Crisis of the Third Century. It encompassed the Roman provinces of Syria Palaestina, Arabia Petraea, Egypt and large parts of Asia Minor. Zenobia ruled the Palmyrene Empire as regent for her son Vaballathus, who had become King of Palmyra in 267. In 270 Zenobia managed to conquer most of the Roman east in a relatively short period, and tried to maintain relations with Rome. In 271 she claimed the imperial title for herself and for her son and fought a short war with the Roman emperor Aurelian, who conquered Palmyra and captured the self-proclaimed Empress. A year later the Palmyrenes rebelled, which led Aurelian to destroy Palmyra. The Palmyrene Empire is hailed in Syria and plays an important role as an icon in Syrian nationalism. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palmyrene_Empire&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09b0<\/span> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09b6\u09c8\u09b2\u09c0 \u0986\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Deliberate destruction and theft of cultural heritage has been conducted by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant since 2014 in Iraq, Syria, and to a lesser extent in Libya. The destruction targets various places of worship under ISIL control and ancient historical artifacts. In Iraq, between the fall of Mosul in June 2014 and February 2015, ISIL had plundered and destroyed at least 28 historical religious buildings. Valuable items from some buildings were looted in order to smuggle and sell them to foreigners to finance ISIS activities. By 23 March 2019, ISIL lost most of its territories in the Middle East, having been defeated in Iraq and Syria. ISIL justifies the destruction of cultural heritage sites with its following of Salafism which, according to its followers, places &quot;great importance on establishing tawhid (monotheism)&quot;, and &quot;eliminating shirk (polytheism).&quot; While it is often assumed that the group\u2019s actions are mindless acts of vandalism, there is an ideological underpinning to the destruction. ISIL views its actions in sites like Palmyra and Nimrud as being in accordance with Sunni Islamic tradition. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_ISIL&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8<\/span> \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u0993 \u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 \u0985\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0986\u09b0\u09ac\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u0995 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Palmyra, in its heyday during the first three centuries of the Common Era, was one of the ancient capitals of what scholars call syncretism and the rest of us call pluralism. It was a Middle Eastern destination on the Silk Road, a caravan city raised on an oasis in the Tadmurean desert that was situated on an important trade route. Its architectural and epigraphic remains portray a motley city formed in its character by Rome to the west and Persia to the east; Hellenistic and Central Asian influences mingled with Amorite, Aramaean, and Arab elements. In Palmyra one could find Greek sculpture and Chinese silk. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/international\/archive\/2015\/09\/rubble-palmyra-syria-isis\/403921\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u099b\u09c7<\/span> \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b8\u099c\u09bf\u09a6, \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09bf \u0986\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ab\u09c0 \u0996\u09be\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u0993 \u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0982\u0995-\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"While international attention has been primarily focused on attacks on ancient sites such as Nineveh and Hatra, the vast majority of the sites that are being destroyed in Syria and Iraq are from the Islamic era, according to Danti, who estimates there have been more than 100 \u201cmajor heritage incidents\u201d this year in Syria alone. Other players in the ongoing Syrian conflict have been responsible for the deliberate or inadvertent destruction of Islamic sites and other cultural crimes, such as the looting of archaeological sites. But the actions taken by ISIS are different because they\u2019re so brazen and overt. \u201cThe destruction of cultural heritage has become part of the jihadi tool kit,\u201d says Danti. The shrines destroyed at Palmyra were the tombs of Nizar Abu Bahaaeddine, a Sufi scholar who lived there 500 years ago, and Mohammed Bin Ali, a descendent of the Prophet Muhammad\u2019s cousin, Imam Ali, and a site revered by Shiites. According to Danti, the shrine of Mohammed Bin Ali was destroyed last month, while the Sufi tomb was destroyed more recently. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/news\/2015\/07\/150702-ISIS-Palmyra-destruction-salafism-sunni-shiite-sufi-Islamic-State\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a7\u09c2\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ce<\/span> \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u099a\u09cb\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09b6\u2019 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b8\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae \u0986\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7, \u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09bf \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09b2\u09bf\u09ab\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7\u0993, \u098f \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8\u09af\u099c\u09cd\u099e \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Home of the prestigious Koranic Sankore University and other madrasas, Timbuktu was an intellectual and spiritual capital and a centre for the propagation of Islam throughout Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its three great mosques, Djingareyber, Sankore and Sidi Yahia, recall Timbuktu\u2019s golden age. Although continuously restored, these monuments are today under threat from desertification. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/119\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4\u09c7\u0993<\/span> \u09e8\u09e6\u09e7\u09e8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c0 \u0995\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0 \u09a6\u09b2 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Ansar Dine (meaning &quot;helpers of the (Islamic) religion&quot; or &quot;defenders of the faith&quot;) also known as Ansar al-Din (abbreviated as AAD) is a militant Islamist group led by Iyad Ag Ghaly, one of the most prominent leaders of the Tuareg Rebellion (1990\u20131995) who is suspected of having ties to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, which is led by his cousin Hamada Ag Hama. Ansar Dine seeks to impose strict Sharia law across Mali. The group\u2019s first action was in March 2012. The organization is not to be confused with the Sufi movement An\u00e7ar Dine, started in Southern Mali by Ch\u00e9rif Ousmane Haidara in the 1980s, which is fundamentally opposed to militant Islamism. Ansar Dine is opposed to Sufi shrines. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ansar_Dine&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0986\u09a8\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u09a8<\/span> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ab\u09c0 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c8\u09b2\u09c0 \u0986\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09b2\u0997\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ae\u09b8\u099c\u09bf\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"A hardline religious group occupying northern Mali has destroyed 15th-century mausoleums of Sufi Muslim saints in Timbuktu and have threatened to demolish the remaining 13 UNESCO world heritage sites in the fabled city, witnesses have said. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/africa\/2012\/06\/2012630101748795606.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8<\/span> \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a5\u099a \u09b8\u09c1\u09ab\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09c7 \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"During the 9th century, Muslim Berber and Tuareg merchants brought Islam southward into West Africa. Islam also spread in the region by the founders of Sufi brotherhoods (tariqah). Conversion to Islam linked the West African savannah through belief in one God and similar new forms of political, social and artistic accoutrements. Cities including Timbuktu, Gao and Kano soon became international centers of Islamic learning. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islam_in_Mali&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09be\u09b0-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09b0<\/span> \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u09ac \u0998\u09be\u0981\u099f\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0998\u09be\u0981\u099f\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09ab\u09a4\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0986\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0986\u09b8\u09b2 \u0987\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u099f\u09be \u09b9\u09b2, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u09ac\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u2019\u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09aa\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be \u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0998\u099f\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a3\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ab\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u099a\u09b0\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09c1 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09b8\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09be-\u09ac\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09bf \u09a6\u09cb\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09cb \u09a4\u09be \u0986\u09ae\u09bf \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be-\u0986\u09ab\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b8\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1, \u0986\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u0989\u0987 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ac\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0\u0987 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u09a8-\u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09b9 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Al-A\u1e25q\u0101f (&quot;the sand dunes&quot; or &quot;the winding sand tracts&quot;) is the 46th chapter (surah) of the Qur\u2019an with 35 verses (ayat). This is the seventh and last chapter starting with the letters ha-mim. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the supposed revelation (asb\u0101b al-nuz\u016bl), it is one of the late Meccan chapters, except for verse 10 and possibly a few others which Muslims believe were revealed in Medina. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Ahqaf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u09b9\u0995\u09be\u09ab\u09c7<\/span> \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u02bf\u0100d was an ancient tribe mentioned frequently in the Qur\u02bean. \u02bf\u0100d is usually placed in Southern Arabia, in a location referred to as al-\u02beA\u1e25q\u0308\u0101f (&quot;the Sandy Plains,&quot; or &quot;the Wind-curved Sand-hills&quot;). The tribe\u2019s members, referred to as \u02bf\u0100dites, formed a prosperous nation until they were destroyed in a violent storm. According to Islamic tradition, the storm came after they had rejected the teachings of a Monotheistic prophet named Hud. \u02bf\u0100d is regarded as one of the original Arab tribes, the &quot;lost Arabs&quot;. Their capital may have been what is known as &quot;Iram of the Pillars&quot; in the Qur\u02bean although that may have been the name of a region or a people. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CA%BF%C4%80d#cite_note-Brill1-1&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0986\u09a6\u09cd<\/span> \u0986\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Tham\u016bd is an ancient civilization in the Hejaz known from the 8th century BCE to near the time of Muhammad. The Thamud civilization was located in the north of the peninsula. Although they are thought to have originated in Southern Arabia, Arabic tradition has them moving north to settle on the slopes of Mount Athlab near Mada\u2019in Saleh. Numerous Thamudic rock writings and pictures have been found on Mount Ath-lab and throughout central Arabia. The oldest known reference to Thamud is a 715 BC inscription of the Assyrian king Sargon II, which mentions them as being among the people of eastern and central Arabia subjugated by the Assyrians. According to Islamic tradition, the Tham\u016bdi existed much earlier than this, whose ancestors are said to be Iram and Ars (identified as the Biblical Aram and Uz). &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thamud&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u09a6<\/span> \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0997\u099c\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0\u0964 \u09b8\u09ce\u09aa\u09a5 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u0997\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa \u0986\u09b0 \u099d\u09a1\u09bc \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Mada\u2019in Salih (\u2019Cities of Salih\u2019), also called Al-\u1e24ijr or &quot;Hegra&quot;, is an archaeological site located in the Sector of Al-`Ula within Al Madinah Region in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia. A majority of the remains date from the Nabatean kingdom (1st century CE). The site constitutes the kingdom\u2019s southernmost and largest settlement after Petra (modern-day Jordan), its capital. Traces of Lihyanite and Roman occupation before and after the Nabatean rule, respectively, can also be found. The Quran places the settlement of the area by the Thamudi people during the days of Salih, between those of Nuh (Noah) and Hud on one hand, and those of Ibrahim (Abraham) and Musa (Moses) on the other. According to the Islamic text, the Thamudis were punished by Allah (God) for their practice of idol worship, being struck by an earthquake and lightning blasts. Thus, the site has earned a reputation as a cursed place\u2014an image which the national government is attempting to overcome as it seeks to develop Mada\u2019in Salih for its potential for tourism. In 2008, UNESCO proclaimed Mada\u2019in Salih as a site of patrimony, becoming Saudi Arabia\u2019s first World Heritage Site. It was chosen for its well-preserved remains from late antiquity, especially the 131 rock-cut monumental tombs, with their elaborately ornamented fa\u00e7ades, of the Nabatean kingdom. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mada%27in_Saleh&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b9<\/span> \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cc\u09a6\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b0\u09c1\u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u09a6 \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 4, Book 55, Number 563; Narrated by \u2019Abdullah bin \u2019Umar: When the Prophet passed by (a place called) Al Hijr {Mada\u2019in Saleh}, he said, &quot;Do not enter the house of those who were unjust to themselves, unless (you enter) weeping, lest you should suffer the same punishment as was inflicted upon them.&quot; After that he covered his face with his sheet cloth while he was on the camel-saddle. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.sahih-bukhari.com\/Pages\/Bukhari_4_55.php&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09be\u09a6\u09c0\u09b8\u09c7<\/span> \u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09be&#8217;\u0987\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b9\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb &#8216;\u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09b6\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8&#8217; \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0993, \u0995\u09c1\u09b0\u0986\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09be \u09b0\u09c2\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"(8) Do they not reflect within themselves? God did not create the heavens and the earth, and what is between them, except with reason, and for a specific duration. But most people, regarding meeting their Lord, are disbelievers. (9) Have they not travelled the earth and seen how those before them ended up? They were more powerful than them, and they cultivated the land and developed it more than they developed it, and their messengers came to them with clear signs. God would never wrong them, but they used to wrong themselves. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.clearquran.com\/030.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09a8\u09ac\u09ae \u0986\u09df\u09be\u09a4<\/span> \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09df\u09c0 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c8\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0\u09a3\u09be \u09b0\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c0 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09ae\u09bf \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u0993 \u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09cc\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0989\u09a0\u09b2\u09cb, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8, \u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09a8, \u0986\u09a8\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u09a8 \u2014 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c7\u099b\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cc\u09a6\u09bf \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7\u0993 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a1\u0997\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a2\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09cc\u09a6\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u0997\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09be \u09a2\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a5\u099a \u09b8\u09cc\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0995\u09bf\u0982 \u09b8\u09be\u0989\u09a6 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u0998\u09b0\u09c7, <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The Jeddah Regional Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography is a major museum in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The Museum is in the historic Khuzam Palace in the Al-Nuzlah al-Yamaniyah quarter in the south of Jeddah. The building was constructed as a royal palace from 1928 to 1932 under the supervision of Muhammed bin Laden. Dar Al-Arkan Real Estate (DAAR) have been commissioned to develop the area on 11 October 2008 by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques (the Royal Court). The collection ranges from artefacts of the stone age attributed to the Acheulean period found in nearby Wadi Fatimah over items of several pre-Islamic cultures and items illustrating the rise of Islam to relicts from the time the palace was used by the royal family. A second collection holds ethnographic items portraying the recent culture of the region. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeddah_Regional_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Ethnography&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u099c\u09c7\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u0998\u09b0\u09c7<\/span> \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0986\u099b\u09c7, \u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09c1\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0993 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09c7\u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"A travelling exhibition, also referred to as a &quot;travelling exhibit&quot; or a &quot;touring exhibition&quot;, is a type of exhibition that is presented at more than one venue. Temporary exhibitions can bring together objects that might be dispersed among several collections, to reconstruct an original context such as an artist\u2019s career or a patron\u2019s collection, or to propose connections - perhaps the result of recent research - which give new insights or a different way of understanding items in museum collections. The whole exhibition, usually with associated services, including insurance, shipping, storage, conservation, mounting, set up, etc., can then be loaned to one or more venues to lengthen the life of the exhibition and to allow the widest possible audiences - regionally, nationally or internationally - to experience these objects and the stories they contain. Such collaborations can add interest to museums where displays of permanent collections might change only slowly, helping to provide fresh interpretations or more complete stories and attract new audiences. They also provide fresh ideas and breathing space for organisations which have exhibition spaces but lack permanent collections. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travelling_exhibition&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ad\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u0995\u099c\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7<\/span> \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b9\u09b8\u09b9 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u0997\u09b0\u09c7\u0993 \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u099f\u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u09a6\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u2019 \u2018\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u2019 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b8\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u099f\u09bf\u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u0986\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b9\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0, \u0993\u09df\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09ac\u09bf \u0995\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7\u0987 \u099c\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Al-Baqi cemetery, the oldest and one of the two most important Islamic graveyards located in Medina, in current-day Saudi Arabia, was demolished in 1806 and, following reconstruction in the mid-19th century, was destroyed again in 1925 or 1926. An alliance of the House of Saud, and the followers of the Wahhabi movement known as the Emirate of Diriyah, carried out the first demolition. The Sultanate of Nejd, also ruled by the House of Saud and followers of Wahhabism, carried out the second. In both cases, the actors were motivated by the Wahhabi interpretation of Islam, which prohibits the building of monuments on graves. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demolition_of_al-Baqi&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09a8<\/span> \u2014 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09bf \u09a8\u09af\u09bc \u2014 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u099c\u09c1\u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0996\u09cb\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09ac\u09c0 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4 \u098f\u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09c1 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09be\u09ac\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09af\u09c7 \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09ae \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09c7\u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09c1 \u0997\u09cb\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09c1 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u0995\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09b0\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u0981\u099a\u09b6\u09cb \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0985\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09b6\u09c8\u09b2\u09c0\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The mosque was built when India was ruled by the Mughals \u2014 Muslim emperors. They built thousands of mosques, forts and other landmarks all over northern India, including the country\u2019s most famous: the Taj Mahal, which houses the tomb of the emperor Shah Jahan\u2019s favorite wife. On that terrible day in 1992, Latifi couldn\u2019t recognize the men in the mob. They were mostly strangers from out of town, he says. &quot;They climbed on top of the domes and tombs. They were carrying hammers and these three-pronged spears from Hindu scripture. They started hacking at the mosque,&quot; Latifi recalls. &quot;By night, it was destroyed, and they set fire to nearby houses.&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/04\/25\/711412924\/nearly-27-years-after-hindu-mob-destroyed-a-mosque-the-scars-in-india-remain-dee&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09b0\u09c0 \u09ae\u09b8\u099c\u09bf\u09a6<\/span> \u099a\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3-\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09af\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09b0\u09be\u0987 \u09b8\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09df, \u0995\u09ae\u09bf\u0989\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b7\u09be\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b6\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09b2 \u09b0\u09c7\u09ad\u09b2\u09c1\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09cc\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u0993\u0987\u09b8\u09cd\u099f <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The campaign to Destroy the Four Olds and Cultivate the Four News began in Beijing on August 19. The first things to change were the names of streets and stores: &quot;Blue Sky Clothes Store&quot; to &quot;Defending Mao Zedong Clothes Store&quot;, &quot;Cai E Road&quot; to &quot;Red Guard Road&quot;, and so forth. Many people also changed their given names to revolutionary slogans, such as Zhihong (&quot;Determined Red&quot;) or Jige (&quot;Following the Revolution&quot;). Other manifestations of the Red Guard campaign included giving speeches, posting big-character posters, and harassment of people, such as intellectuals, who defiantly demonstrated the Four Olds. In later stages of the campaign, examples of Chinese architecture were destroyed, classical literature and Chinese paintings were torn apart, and Chinese temples were desecrated. The Cemetery of Confucius was attacked in November 1966, during the Cultural Revolution, when it was visited and vandalized by a team of Red Guards from Beijing Normal University, led by Tan Houlan. The corpse of the 76th-generation Duke Yansheng was removed from its grave and hung naked from a tree in front of the palace during the desecration of the cemetery in the Cultural Revolution. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Four_Olds&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8<\/span> \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09bf \u09b2\u09c1\u099f \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af-\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09a8\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09ae\u09a6\u09a6 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09df-\u099b\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b2\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0998\u099f\u09a8\u09be \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09bf\u0989\u09a8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f \u0996\u09cd\u200c\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c1\u099c \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a4 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"However, it is not just oppressive regimes that directly destroy archaeological sites. The Khmer Rouge looted heritage sites and temples, but also prevented the protection and continued study of temples like Angkor Wat. In addition, the Khmer Rouge contributed to the desecration because its collapse meant that Cambodia was no longer shut off to the world, therefore open to foreign looters and the illegal antiquity trade. People like Khmer Rouge leader, Ta Mok, had 20 to 30 tons of stolen artifacts at his home when he was arrested in the late 1990s, but \u201cas the Khmer Rouge communist insurgency (collapsed) \u2026 many hidden site have suddenly become open to the raiders\u201d (Mydans 1999). &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/pages.vassar.edu\/realarchaeology\/2017\/10\/26\/the-role-of-conflict-in-the-looting-and-destruction-of-cambodian-temples-in-the-late-20th-century\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0993<\/span>\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09cb\u0995, \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09cb\u09a3 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0996\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u099c\u09ac\u09be\u09ac \u09a6\u09bf\u0987 \u0986\u09a7\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u099f\u09c7\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09a4\u09c1\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0\u0964 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b8\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u099c\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u0987 \u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0987, \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0987 &#8216;\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a1&#8217;\u0964 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0986\u099b\u09c7, \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0986\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0987 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09be! \u09b8\u09c1\u09a4\u09b0\u09be\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u099f\u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09be \u09a2\u09be\u09b2\u09bf! \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09a4\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09bf <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"To fulfill its various functions, money must have certain properties: Fungibility: its individual units must be capable of mutual substitution (i.e., interchangeability); Durability: able to withstand repeated use; Portability: easily carried and transported; Cognizability: its value must be easily identified; Stability of value: its value should not fluctuate. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Money#Properties&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0<\/span> \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09ae\u09c7\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b8-\u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u099c\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09dc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0995\u09c7\u0989 \u0995\u09bf \u0995\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u099b\u09cb\u099f\u09cd\u099f <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"It is fitting, and worth observing, that the Lydians engendered a mercantile culture; Herodotus acclaimed them (with exaggeration) as the world\u2019s first merchants, as they earned a reputation for being important interlocutors between East and West. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/article\/797\/the-importance-of-the-lydian-stater-as-the-worlds-\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b2\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/span> \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0998\u099f\u09be\u09b2\u09cb, \u0985\u09a5\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0\u09cb \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09b0\u09c7 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Ancient Egypt is certainly one of the most fascinating civilisations. Its economy is no exception and deserves a bit of attention; that\u2019s why it has been chosen as the theme for this latest Object of the month. So how were monetary practices organised in this civilisation which had no knowlege of money itself? It has often been said that the Egyptian economy was based on barter, on the one hand because there was no currency (i.e. combining the functions of unit of account, means of payment and store of value), and on the other hand because certain painted scenes showed goods being exchanged in markets. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.nbbmuseum.be\/en\/2012\/05\/nederlands-geldgebruik-in-het-oude-egypte.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u099f\u09be\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09b2\u09a8\u0987 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a8\u09be<\/span>?<\/p>\n<p>\u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7, \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8 \u0985\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u0964 \u0995\u09bf \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09ac \u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7! \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf! \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09a6\u09b6 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09af\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u09ae, \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u09af\u09c7\u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c1\u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09a4\u09be\u09ae, \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u09cb \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u09ac\u09c7\u0981\u099a\u09c7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09ce \u0996\u09c1\u09ac\u0987 \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09a8\u09c7\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09a6\u09b6 \u09b9\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09af\u09a4\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09af \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u099c\u0993 \u09a4\u09a4\u099f\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09a6\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c1\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09c0, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u09ae\u09bf\u09a5\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3\u09c0\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0985\u09a4\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09aa\u09a3 \u098f\u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u0964 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a0\u09be\u09ce \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099c\u09cb\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u09a4 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09c1\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u09b0\u09b9\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u0964 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Most people have a natural interest in history\u2014especially human history\u2014so it helps open up the discussion with people about the fact that climate can change and that ancient civilizations that they know about, whether it\u2019s the Mayans, the Vikings, or the Rapanui of Easter Island, that they experienced fundamental climate changes that in some cases may have been too much for their society to handle. And that opens up the conversation about what we are doing to ourselves right now and how we can minimize the worst effects of global warming and avoid being caught by surprise unforeseen changes. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/blogs.ei.columbia.edu\/2019\/05\/31\/climate-change-ancient-civilizations\/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b8\u09cb\u099c\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0<\/span> \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09b2 \u09aa\u09be\u099c\u09b2\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09ae\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf\u0982 \u09aa\u09c0\u09b8 \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09be\u09ae\u0964 \u0987\u09b8\u09b2\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u0986\u09a6\u09cd-\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09a4 \u098f\u0993 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be! \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0986\u09a6\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 \u0997\u099c\u09ac \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09b8\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a7\u09a8\u09c0\u0997\u09b0\u09c0\u09ac \u0995\u09c7\u0989\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a3 \u09aa\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be!<\/p>\n<p>\u0986\u09b0 \u098f\u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0-\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u099f &#8212; \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa! \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u0996\u09c1\u0981\u09a4 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c1\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be \u09ae\u09a8 \u099c\u09c1\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09af\u09bc! \u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099c\u09cb\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b0\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u099b\u09cb\u099f\u09cd\u099f \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09be <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Dancing Girl is a prehistoric bronze sculpture made in the lost-wax process about 2500 BCE in the Indus Valley Civilisation city of Mohenjo-daro (in modern-day Pakistan) , which was one of the earliest human cities. The statue is 10.5 centimetres (4.1 in) tall, and depicts a naked young woman or girl with stylized proportions standing in a confident, naturalistic pose. Dancing Girl is well-regarded as a work of art, and is a cultural artefact of the Indus Valley Civilisation. The statuette was discovered by British archaeologist Ernest Mackay in the &quot;HR area&quot; of Mohenjo-daro in 1926, prior to the Partition of India. It is held by the National Museum, New Delhi, and ownership is disputed by Pakistan. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dancing_Girl_(sculpture)&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0<\/span> \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09a6\u09bf \u098f\u0995 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u099b\u09ac\u09bf \u09ab\u09c1\u0981\u099f\u09c7 \u0989\u09a0\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09a8\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09df \u098f \u09af\u09c1\u0997\u09c7\u09b0\u0987 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09af \u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09df\u09c0 \u09ac\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1 \u09a4\u09be\u0987 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u0987\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u09b6\u09a8\u09c1\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c0-\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b7-\u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"The hoard was discovered in a temple dedicated to Abu, the ancient Near Eastern god of fertility. Evidence from Early Dynastic ruins at Khafajah suggests that the statues may have been arranged along the walls of the sanctuary either on the floor or on a low mud brick bench before they were buried. Some of the statues are inscribed on the back and bottom with a name and personalized supplicatory message, while others simply state \u201cone who offers prayers.\u201d These inscriptions indicate that the statues functioned as a surrogate for male and female worshipers who wished to leave their prayers with the god. In the 3rd millennium B.C. the price for a votive statue likely depended on its size, and possibly what stone was used. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tell_Asmar_Hoard&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099a\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf<\/span> \u09af\u09c7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u09a4 \u099c\u09cb\u09a1\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u099a\u09cb\u0996 \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u099b\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b9\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0988\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u0995\u09c7\u0987 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09a8\u09a6\u09c0 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09ac\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09be, \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c1\u2019\u09a4\u09c0\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09c7\u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0996\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09a4, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u0964 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09ad\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ac\u09b9 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0993 \u09b9\u09a4, \u09a4\u09be\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8 \u0993 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09ad\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf \u0986\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u0985\u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09ac\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u09ac\u09be <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Fatalism is a philosophical doctrine that stresses the subjugation of all events or actions to destiny. Fatalism generally refers to any of the following ideas: The view that we are powerless to do anything other than what we actually do. Included in this is that humans have no power to influence the future, or indeed, their own actions. This belief is very similar to predeterminism. An attitude of resignation in the face of some future event or events which are thought to be inevitable. Friedrich Nietzsche named this idea &quot;Turkish fatalism&quot; in his book The Wanderer and His Shadow. That acceptance is appropriate, rather than resistance, against inevitability. This belief is very similar to defeatism. Some take it to mean determinism. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fatalism&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u09ab\u09c7\u099f\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f<\/span>\u0964 \u09a8\u09c2\u09b9\u09a8\u09ac\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ac\u099c\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b9\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Utnapishtim or Utanapishtim is a character in the Epic of Gilgamesh who is tasked by Enki (Ea) to abandon his worldly possessions and create a giant ship to be called Preserver of Life. He was also tasked with bringing his wife, family, and relatives along with the craftsmen of his village, baby animals, and grains. The oncoming flood would wipe out all animals and people not on the ship, a concept later used in the biblical story of Noah\u2019s Ark. After twelve days on the water, Utnapishtim opened the hatch of his ship to look around and saw the slopes of Mount Nisir, where he rested his ship for seven days. On the seventh day, he sent a dove out to see if the water had receded, and the dove could find nothing but water, so it returned. Then he sent out a swallow, and just as before, it returned, having found nothing. Finally, Utnapishtim sent out a raven, and the raven saw that the waters had receded, so it circled around, but did not return. Utnapishtim then set all the animals free, and made a sacrifice to the gods. The gods came, and because he had preserved the seed of man while remaining loyal and trusting of his gods, Utnapishtim and his wife were given immortality, as well as a place among the heavenly gods. Enki (Ea) also claims that he did not tell &quot;Atrahasis&quot; (apparently referring to Utnapishtim) about the flood, but rather that he only made a dream appear to him, a claim which contradicts the earlier narrative of the poem and reveals an alternative telling. &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Utnapishtim&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;alignnone size-full wp-image-145&quot; src=&quot;https:\/\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/link-1.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; \/&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;\">\u0995\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a8\u09c0\u0993<\/span> \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u09b8\u09cb\u099c\u09be \u0995\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u099c \u09af\u09be \u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf, \u09af\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b8\u09a8 \u09a6\u09bf\u0987, \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09b7\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8, \u0995\u09bf \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2 \u2014 \u098f\u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0986\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0964 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09a4\u0987 \u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09bf \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u09ac\u0995\u09c7 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09a8\u09cb \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099c\u09cb\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7, \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ac \u09a8\u09be! \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b8\u0995\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099a\u09c0\u09a8\u09a4\u09be \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7, \u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ae\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u0997\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4!<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1488\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1488\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/bamyan.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1488 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/bamyan.jpg?resize=300%2C169&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/bamyan.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/bamyan.jpg?w=624&amp;ssl=1 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1488\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09ac\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09dc \u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u2014 \u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b7\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b9\u09bf\u0989\u09df\u09c7\u09b8 \u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u0982 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8\u0964 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf \u09ae\u09c1\u09b8\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09ae\u09b2\u09c7 \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u0986\u0993\u09b0\u09be\u0982\u099c\u09c7\u09ac \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u0995 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u099a\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1491\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1491\" style=\"width: 263px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/gandhara-buddha.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1491 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/gandhara-buddha.jpg?resize=263%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"263\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/gandhara-buddha.jpg?resize=263%2C300&amp;ssl=1 263w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/gandhara-buddha.jpg?w=421&amp;ssl=1 421w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1491\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u0985\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b2\u09be\u09b9\u09cb\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0989\u09aa\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0964 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09a4 \u099a\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09ac\u09be \u09aa\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09ae \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u09bf\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u0997\u09c7 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09a3\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09ae\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8, \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09a4 \u098f\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u0995\u0982\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09b8\u09be\u09b0, \u099a\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c1 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09b0\u09be\u0997\u09a4; \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09b9\u09be\u09b8\u09bf \u0986\u09b0 \u0985\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u0995 \u0994\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u0964 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u0995 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0\u09b0\u09be \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995, \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u09df \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0 \u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u0995\u09c7 \u098f \u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u0987\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u0993 \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4 \u09a8\u09be!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1492\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1492\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/temple-bel.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1492 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/temple-bel.jpg?resize=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/temple-bel.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/temple-bel.jpg?w=620&amp;ssl=1 620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1492\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09ac\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u2019\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0 \u09e8\u09e6\u09e7\u09eb\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u09a7\u09cd\u09ac\u0982\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u09e9\u09e8 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f \u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a8 \u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u0997\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b0\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09df \u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09df\u09be \u09b9\u09df, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09aa\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b8\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u0993 \u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1494\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1494\" style=\"width: 228px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/palmyra-gravestone.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1494 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/palmyra-gravestone.jpg?resize=228%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"228\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/palmyra-gravestone.jpg?resize=228%2C300&amp;ssl=1 228w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/palmyra-gravestone.jpg?w=728&amp;ssl=1 728w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 228px) 100vw, 228px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1494\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0982\u0995\u09ab\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09c0\u09ac\u09c0\u0997\u09b9\u09cc\u09b8 \u099c\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09ae\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u09a8 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8\u0964 \u09e7\u09eb\u09e6-\u09e8\u09e6\u09e6 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8\u09c7 \u0996\u09cb\u09a6\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0964 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u09dc\u09bf, \u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be\u09df \u099f\u09c1\u09aa\u09bf, \u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b6\u09c1\u09ac\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0964 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c8\u09b2\u09c0 \u0986\u09a6\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u0995 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u099c\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09a4\u0987 \u09b8\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0995 (\u09b9\u09bf\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u09b0\u09ac) \u0995\u09be\u09b2\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1496\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1496\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/timbuktu.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1496 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/timbuktu.jpg?resize=300%2C130&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/timbuktu.jpg?resize=300%2C130&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/timbuktu.jpg?w=628&amp;ssl=1 628w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1496\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae \u0986\u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf 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\u09a4\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u098f \u09ae\u09b8\u099c\u09bf\u09a6\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u099c\u09be \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c7 \u0987\u099f \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09df\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1500\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1500\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/madain-saleh.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1500 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/madain-saleh.jpg?resize=300%2C223&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/madain-saleh.jpg?resize=300%2C223&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/madain-saleh.jpg?resize=768%2C570&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/madain-saleh.jpg?w=960&amp;ssl=1 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1500\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b9 \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b9 \u09a8\u09ac\u09c0\u09b0 \u09b6\u09b9\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u09e7\u09e9\u09e7\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09a5\u09b0 \u0995\u09c1\u0981\u09a6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09bf \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2-\u0986\u09a8\u09ac\u09be\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8 \u0997\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09b0\u09ac\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u0995\u09cb\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u09a6 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0986\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u099c\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09b6\u09b9\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09b9\u09be\u09dc \u0995\u09c7\u099f\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0993 \u09a8\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1501\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1501\" style=\"width: 184px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/lihyanite.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1501 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/lihyanite.jpg?resize=184%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"184\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/lihyanite.jpg?resize=184%2C300&amp;ssl=1 184w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/lihyanite.jpg?w=590&amp;ssl=1 590w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 184px) 100vw, 184px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1501\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cb\u09a8 \u0996\u09cb\u09a6\u09be\u0987 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u098f \u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac \u09e9\u09df-\u09ea\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b6\u09a4\u0995\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u09b9\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09aa\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09ae \u0986\u09b0\u09ac \u0989\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c0\u09aa\u09c7, \u09ae\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u09be-\u09a4\u09be\u0987\u09ae\u09be \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf \u09b6\u09b9\u09b0\u09b8\u09b9 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b2\u09c7\u09ac\u09be\u09a8\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u0964 \u0986\u09b0\u09ac \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09a4\u09c1\u09a4\u09cb \u09ad\u09be\u0987 \u09a8\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u098f\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u09a4 \u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09df\u09c7, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b9\u09b8\u09b9 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u099c\u09be\u09df\u0997\u09be\u09df \u09b2\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09df\u0997\u09be\u09df \u09b6\u09be\u09b8\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c7\u09df \u09a8\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u0982 \u09b8\u09cc\u09a6 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09df\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ae\u09be\u099d\u09c7\u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u0998\u09b0\u09c7\u0993 \u09b2\u09cb\u09a8\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1502\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1502\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/lydian.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1502 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/lydian.jpg?resize=300%2C153&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/lydian.jpg?resize=300%2C153&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/lydian.jpg?w=580&amp;ssl=1 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1502\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09ec\u09e9\u09e6-\u09ec\u09e8\u09e6 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b2\u09bf\u09a1\u09c0\u09df \u09ae\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0964 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u09b8\u09bf\u0982\u09b9 \u09b2\u09bf\u09a1\u09c0\u09df \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u0995\u09c0\u09df \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09c0\u0995\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a5\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09aa\u09b0 \u0989\u099c\u09cd\u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0964 \u09b2\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09be \u098f\u09b8\u09ae\u09df \u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09b8, \u09a4\u09be\u0981\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cc\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b8\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u0995-\u09b2\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09a8 \u09b9\u09df\u09c7 \u0987\u0982\u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09c0\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u09b8\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u099a\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u2014 \u09b0\u09bf\u099a \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099c\u09bc \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b8\u09be\u09b8 \u09ac\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u09a7\u09a8\u09ac\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u0989\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09be\u09a8\u09cb \u09b9\u09df\u0964 \u09b2\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u09df\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c0 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09b8 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ac\u09a8\u09ac\u09bf\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a4 \u099b\u09bf\u09b2 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1503\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1503\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/dancing-girl.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1503 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/dancing-girl.jpg?resize=300%2C225&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/dancing-girl.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/satsagorermajhi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/dancing-girl.jpg?w=638&amp;ssl=1 638w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1503\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u098f\u0987 \u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09b0\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf\u09b6\u09cb\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09a8\u09df\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c0 \u099c\u09be\u09a6\u09c1\u0998\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09e8\u09eb\u09e6\u09e6 \u0996\u09cd\u09b0\u09c0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c1 \u09b8\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09b9\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09cb\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cb \u09a8\u0997\u09b0\u09c7 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